1455
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1455 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1455 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1455 MCDLV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2208 |
| Armenian calendar | 904 ԹՎ ՋԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6205 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1376–1377 |
| Bengali calendar | 862 |
| Berber calendar | 2405 |
| English Regnal year | 33 Hen. 6 – 34 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1999 |
| Burmese calendar | 817 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6963–6964 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲戌年 (Wood Dog) 4152 or 3945 — to — 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 4153 or 3946 |
| Coptic calendar | 1171–1172 |
| Discordian calendar | 2621 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1447–1448 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5215–5216 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1511–1512 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1376–1377 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4555–4556 |
| Holocene calendar | 11455 |
| Igbo calendar | 455–456 |
| Iranian calendar | 833–834 |
| Islamic calendar | 859–860 |
| Japanese calendar | Kyōtoku 4 / Kōshō 1 (康正元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1370–1371 |
| Julian calendar | 1455 MCDLV |
| Korean calendar | 3788 |
| Minguo calendar | 457 before ROC 民前457年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −13 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1997–1998 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木狗年 (male Wood-Dog) 1581 or 1200 or 428 — to — 阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1582 or 1201 or 429 |
Year 1455 (MCDLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (full) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- January 8 – Pope Nicholas V publishes Romanus Pontifex, an encyclical addressed to King Afonso V of Portugal, which sanctions the conquest of non-Christian lands, and the reduction of native non-Christian populations to 'perpetual slavery'. (Later there will be a dramatic reversal when, in 1537, the bull Sublimis Deus of Pope Paul III forbids the enslavement of non-Christians.)
- February 23 – The Gutenberg Bible is the first book printed with movable type.[1]
- April 8 – Pope Calixtus III succeeds Pope Nicholas V, as the 209th pope.
- Spring – The Wars of the Roses begin in England.
- May 1 – Battle of Arkinholm: Forces loyal to King James II of Scotland defeat the supporters of the Earl of Douglas.
- May 22 – First Battle of St Albans: Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England.[2]
- July 14 – Thirteen Years' War: a decisive victory by the Teutonic Order during the Battle for Kneiphof,[3] a war they would eventually lose with the signing of Thorn.
- November 15 – The conflict between Vladislav II of Wallachia and John Hunyadi escalates, so the latter decides to support Vlad the Impaler for the throne of Wallachia, the following year.
Births
[edit]- January 9 – William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg, Count of Ravensberg (d. 1511)
- January 29 – Johann Reuchlin, German-born humanist and scholar (d. 1522)
- February 2 – King John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (d. 1513)[4]
- March 3
- King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)[5]
- Ascanio Sforza, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1505)
- March 15 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1532)
- April 17 – Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (d. 1538)[6]
- May 16 – Wolfgang I of Oettingen, German count (d. 1522)
- June 1 – Anne of Savoy, Savoy royal (d. 1480)
- July 9 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517)
- July 15 – Queen Yun, Korean queen (d. 1482)
- August 2 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499)
- August 15 – George, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1503)
- November 9 – John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1516)
- date unknown
- Peter Vischer the Elder, German sculptor (approximate date) (d. 1529)
- Estefania Carròs i de Mur, Spanish educator (approximate date) (d. 1511)
- Raden Patah, Javanese sultan, founder of the Demak Sultanate (d. 1518)
- María de Ajofrín, Spanish visionary (d. 1489)
- Nicholas Barnham, English knight, killed in the War of the Roses (d. 1485)
- Angelo da Vallombrosa, Italian jurist and abbot (d. 1530)
Deaths
[edit]- February 18 – Fra Angelico, Italian painter (b. 1395)[7]
- March 24 – Pope Nicholas V (b. 1397)[8]
- April 1 – Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Polish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1389)
- May 1 – Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray (in battle)
- May 22 (killed at the First Battle of St Albans):
- Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, Lancastrian commander (b. 1393)[2]
- Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, Lancastrian commander (b. 1406)[2]
- Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, Lancastrian commander (b. 1414)[2]
- September 3 – Alonso Tostado, Spanish Catholic bishop
- October 22 – Johannes Brassart, Flemish composer
- October 28 – Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing, French Catholic cardinal
- December 1 – Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian sculptor and metal smith (b. 1378)
- December 2 – Isabel of Coimbra, queen of Portugal (b. 1432)
References
[edit]- ^ This Facsimile Page of Gutenberg's 42-line Bible (1453-1455) was Printed on the Gutenberg Press Loaned by the Gutenberg Museum of Mainz for "A Century of Progress International Exposition", Chicago, 1933, and Exhibited by the Cuneo Press, Inc. Gutenberg Press. 1933.
- ^ a b c d John Sadler (January 14, 2014). The Red Rose and the White: The Wars of the Roses, 1453-1487. Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-317-90518-9.
- ^ Rogalski, Leon (1846). Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prusami (in Polish). Vol. II. Warsaw: S. Orgelbrand.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1964. p. 89.
- ^ Hourihane, Colum (2012). The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. OUP USA. p. 217. ISBN 9780195395365.
- ^ Benzoni, Gino (2002). "GRITTI, Andrea". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 59: Graziano–Grossi Gondi (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
- ^ Guido Di Piero, Known as Fra Angelico, Ca. 1395-1455. Germany. 1998. p. 6. ISBN 978-3-8290-0246-2.
- ^ "Nicholas V | Vatican Library & Dum Diversas". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.