Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool

The Right Honourable The Earl of Liverpool PC
Portrait by George Romney
President of the Board of Trade
In office 23 August 1786 – 7 June 1804
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	William Pitt the Younger Henry Addington
Preceded by	The Lord Sydney (President of the Committee on Trade and Foreign Plantations)
Succeeded by	The Duke of Montrose
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office 6 September 1786 – 11 November 1803
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	William Pitt the Younger Henry Addington
Preceded by	The Earl of Clarendon
Succeeded by	Lord Pelham
Personal details
Born	26 April 1729 (2024-10-31UTC17:35:03) Oxfordshire, England
Died	17 December 1808 (1808-12-18) (aged 79) London, England
Spouses	Amelia Watts ​ ​ (m. 1769; died 1770)​ Catherine Bishopp ​ (m. 1782)​
Children	3, including Robert and Charles
Alma mater	University College, Oxford

Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool, PC (26 April 1729 – 17 December 1808), known as Lord Hawkesbury between 1786 and 1796, was a British statesman. He was the father of Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.

Early years, family and education

He was born in Winchester, the eldest son of Colonel Charles Jenkinson (1693–1750) and Amarantha (daughter of Wolfran Cornewall). The earl was the grandson of Sir Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Baronet, of Walcot, Oxfordshire. The Jenkinson family was descended from Anthony Jenkinson (died 1611), who was a sea-captain, merchant, and traveller and the first known Englishman to penetrate into Central Asia. Liverpool was educated at Charterhouse School and University College, Oxford, where he graduated Master of Arts in 1752.

Political career

In 1761, Liverpool entered parliament as member for Cockermouth and was made Under-Secretary of State by Lord Bute. He won the favour of George III, and when Bute retired Jenkinson became the leader of the "King's Friends" in the House of Commons. In 1763, George Grenville appointed him joint Secretary to the Treasury.

In 1766, after a short retirement, he became a Lord of the Admiralty and then a Lord of the Treasury in the Grafton administration. In 1772, Jenkinson became a Privy Councillor and Vice Treasurer of Ireland, and in 1775 he purchased the lucrative sinecure of Clerk of the Pells in Ireland and became Master of the Mint of Ireland.

From 1778 until the close of Lord North's ministry in 1782 he was Secretary at War. From 1786 to 1804, he was President of the Board of Trade and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and he was popularly regarded as enjoying the confidence of the king to a special degree.

Addiscombe Place, c. 1859

In 1786 he was created Baron Hawkesbury, of Hawkesbury in the County of Gloucester, and ten years later, Earl of Liverpool. He also succeeded his cousin in 1790 as the 7th Baronet of Walcot and to the family estates. He lived at Addiscombe Place, Surrey and in Hawkesbury, Gloucestershire. He died in London on 17 December 1808.

Family

Liverpool was twice married. In 1769 he married first Amelia, daughter of William Watts, governor of Fort William, Bengal, and of his wife, better known as Begum Johnson. Amelia died in July 1770, a month after the birth of her only child, Robert.

Liverpool married secondly Catherine, daughter of Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet, and widow of Sir Charles Cope, 2nd Baronet, on 22 June 1782 at her house in Hertford Street, London. They had one son, Charles, who became 3rd Earl of Liverpool, and one daughter, Charlotte, who married James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam.

On Lord Liverpool's death, he was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, Robert, who became a prominent politician and eventually Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The Countess of Liverpool died in October 1827, aged 82.

Legacy

Liverpool wrote several political works, but according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, other than for his Treatise on the Coins of the Realm (1805) these are "without striking merits".

The Hawkesbury River in New South Wales, Australia and Hawkesbury, Ontario, Canada were named after Jenkinson shortly after he was created Baron Hawkesbury.

At least two ships were named after Jenkinson under his title of Lord Hawkesbury: one launched in America in 1781—presumably under another name—but entered in Lloyd's Register from 1787 as the Lord Hawkesbury, sailing as a whaler; and the East Indiaman Lord Hawkesbury, launched in 1787.

References

• Cokayne, George Edward (1906), Complete Baronetage, vol. V, Exeter: W. Pollard & Company, LCCN 06023564
• Petrie, Charles (1954). Lord Liverpool and His Times. London: J. Barrie. ISBN 9787800284403.

Attribution:

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Liverpool, Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 804.

Further reading

• Cannon, John (2008) [2004]. "Jenkinson, Charles, first earl of Liverpool (1729–1808)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14737. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Hamilton, John Andrew (1892). "Jenkinson, Charles (1727-1808)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 309–310.
• Spencer, Howard (2009), "Jenkinson, Hon. Charles Cecil Cope (1784–1851), of Pitchford Hall, Salop and Buxted Park, Suss.", in Fisher, D.R. (ed.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820-1832, Cambridge University Press