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Ragdoll

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the cat breed. For the toy, see Rag doll. For other uses, see Ragdoll (disambiguation).
Ragdoll
A Ragdoll cat
OriginCalifornia, United States
Breed standards
CFAstandard
FIFestandard
TICAstandard
ACFstandard
ACFA/CAAstandard
CCA-AFCstandard
GCCFstandard
NZCFstandard
Domestic cat (Felis catus)

The Ragdoll is a breed of cat with a distinct colorpoint coat and blue eyes. Its morphology is large and weighty, and it has a semi-long and silky soft coat. American breeder Ann Baker developed Ragdolls in the 1960s. They are best known for their docile, placid temperament and affectionate nature. The name Ragdoll is derived from the tendency of individuals from the original breeding stock to go limp and relaxed when picked up.[1] The breed is particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

Ragdolls are often known as "dog-like cats" or "puppy-like cats", due to their tendency to follow people around, their receptiveness to handling, and their relative lack of aggression towards other pets.[2]

Ragdolls are distinguishable by their pointed coloration (where the body is lighter than the face, ears, legs, and tail), large round blue eyes, soft, thick coats, thick limbs, long tails, and soft bodies. Their color rings are commonly tricolor or bicolor.[3]

History

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A bicolor Ragdoll cat

The breed was developed in Riverside, California, by breeder Ann Baker. In 1963, a regular, non-pedigreed, white domestic longhaired cat named Josephine produced several litters of typical cats.[4] Josephine was not of any particular breed, nor were the males who sired the original litters. Ann Baker herself said that the original cats of the Ragdoll breed were "alley cats".[5] Josephine later produced kittens with a docile, placid temperament, affectionate nature, and a tendency to go limp and relaxed when picked up.[6]

Out of those early litters came Blackie, an all-black male, and Daddy Warbucks, a seal point with white feet. Daddy Warbucks sired the founding bi-color female Fugianna, and Blackie sired Buckwheat, a dark brown-black Burmese-like female. Both Fugianna and Buckwheat were Josephine's daughters. All Ragdolls are descended from Baker's cats through matings of Daddy Warbucks to Fugianna and Buckwheat.[7][8]

Baker, in an unusual move, spurned traditional cat breeding associations. She trademarked the name Ragdoll, set up her own registry—the International Ragdoll Cat Association (IRCA)—around 1971, and enforced stringent standards on anyone who wanted to breed or sell cats under that name.[6] The Ragdolls were also not allowed to be registered by other breed associations.[9][10] The IRCA is still in existence today but is quite small, particularly since Baker's death in 1997.

In 1975, a group led by a husband-and-wife team, Denny and Laura Dayton, broke ranks with the IRCA to gain mainstream recognition for the Ragdoll. Beginning with a breeding pair of IRCA cats, this group eventually developed the Ragdoll standard currently accepted by major cat registries such as the CFA and the FIFe.[11] Around the time of the spread of the Ragdoll breed in America during the early 1960s, a breeding pair of Ragdolls was exported to the UK. Eight more cats followed this pair to fully establish the breed in the UK, where the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy recognizes it.[12]

Breed description

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Temperament

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Ragdoll with blue eyes
A flame (red) point ragdoll

The Ragdoll has been known to have a very floppy and calm nature, with claims that these characteristics have been passed down from the Persian and Birman breeds. Opinions vary as to whether this trait might be the result of genetic mutation or merely an instinctive reaction from being picked up as kittens by their mother.[13][14][15] The extreme docility of some individuals has led to the myth that Ragdolls are pain resistant. Some breeders in Britain have tried to breed away from the limpness owing to concerns that extreme docility "might not be in the best interests of the cat".[13][16]

Breed standard marketing and publicity material describe the Ragdoll as affectionate, intelligent, relaxed in temperament, gentle, and an easy-to-handle lap cat.[17][18] The animals are often known as "puppy cats", "dog-like cats", "cat-dogs", etc., because of their placid nature and affectionate behavior, with the cats often following owners from room to room as well as seeking physical affection akin to certain dog breeds. Ragdolls can be trained to retrieve toys and enjoy doing so. They have a very playful nature that often lasts well into their senior years.[19] Unlike many other breeds, Ragdolls prefer staying low to the ground rather than the highest point in the household.[20]

Physical characteristics

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The Ragdoll is one of the largest domesticated cat breeds. Fully-grown females weigh from 8 to 15 pounds (3.6 to 6.8 kg). Males are substantially larger, ranging from 12 to 20 pounds (5.4 to 9.1 kg) or more.[6] It can take up to four years for a Ragdoll to reach mature size.[8] They have a sturdy body, bulky frame, and proportionate legs. Their heads are broad with a flat top and wide space between the ears. They have long, muscular bodies with broad chests and short necks. Their tails are bushy and long in length, their paws are large, round, and tufted, and their coats are silky, dense, and medium to long length. Due to their coats tending to be long, they usually require brushing at least twice a week.[21] Adults develop knickerbockers on their hind legs and a ruff around their necks.

The breed is often known for its large, round, deep-blue eyes,[22][23] though other cats may have that feature as well.[24] The genes for point coloration are also responsible for these distinctive blue eyes. Deeper shades of blue are favored in cat shows.

Male ragdoll cat with blue eyes.
Ragdoll cats have distinctive, large, oval, blue eyes

Although the breed has a plush coat, it consists mainly of long guard hairs, while the lack of a dense undercoat results, according to the Cat Fanciers' Association, in "reduced shedding and matting".[25] There may be a noticeable increase of shedding in the spring.[26]

Ragdolls come in six distinct colors: seal, chocolate, red, and the corresponding dilutes: blue, lilac, and cream. There also are the lynx and tortoiseshell variations[27] in all colors and the three patterns. Ragdoll kittens are born white; they have good color at 8–10 weeks and full color and coat at 3–4 years.

Patterns

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  • Colorpoint: one color darkening at the extremities (nose, ears, tail, and paws)
  • Mitted: same as pointed but with white paws and abdomen. With or without a blaze (a white line or spot on the face), they must have a belly stripe (white stripe that runs from the chin to the genitals) and a white chin. Mitted Ragdolls, which weren't allowed titling in CFA until the 2008–2009 show season, are often confused with Birmans. The easiest way to tell the difference is by size (the Ragdoll being larger) and chin color (Mitted Ragdolls have white chins,[28] while Birmans have colored chins), although breeders recognize the two by head shape and boning.[29]
  • Bicolor: white legs, white inverted V on the face, white abdomen, and sometimes white patches on the back (excessive amounts of white, or high white, on a bicolor are known as the Van pattern, although this does not occur as often as the other patterns).

Variations

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A 16-year-old female tortoiseshell Ragdoll
  • Lynx: a variant of the colorpoint type having tabby markings.[30] This variation always comes with white ear lines, no matter the pattern.
  • Tortoiseshell or tortie: a variant noted for mottled or parti-colored[31] markings in the above patterns. Despite the mostly white coat, tortie points are not calico, as the calico gene is separate and not present in colorpoints.[32][33]

Health

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A UK study utilizing veterinary records found a life expectancy of 10.31 years compared to 11.74 overall.[34] One study, utilizing Swedish insurance data, showed that of the common cat breeds, the Ragdoll and Siamese have the lowest survival rate, with a 78% chance of survival to 10 years.[35] An English study of patient records found a life expectancy of 10.1 years.[36] In a review of over 5,000 cases of urate urolithiasis, the Ragdoll was over-represented, with an odds ratio of 5.14.[37] An English study reviewing over 190,000 patient records found the Ragdoll to be less likely to acquire diabetes mellitus than mixed breed cats. The prevalence in Ragdolls was 0.24% compared to 0.58% overall.[38]

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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The Ragdoll is one of the more commonly affected breeds for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An autosomal dominant mutation of the MYBPC group of genes is responsible for the condition in the breed.[39]

The allelic frequencies of the mutation R820W were 0.17 in cats from Italy and 0.23 in cats from the US in 2013.[40] This reference states that the R820W prevalence is 30% in the UK.[41] The HCM prevalence was found to be 2.9% (95% CI = 2.7–8.6%) in this study.[40]

References

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  1. ^ Becker, Marty; Spadafori, Gina (16 September 2006). Why Do Cats Always Land on Their Feet?: 101 of the Most Perplexing Questions ... – Marty Becker, Gina Spadafori – Google Books. Health Communications, Incorporated. ISBN 9780757305733. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  2. ^ Benjamin L. Hart; Lynette A. Hart (2013). Your Ideal Cat: Insights Into Breed and Gender Differences in Cat Behavior. Purdue University Press. pp. 99–101. ISBN 9781557536488.
  3. ^ "Ragdoll". Petplan. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Ragdoll – The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc". cfa.org. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  5. ^ "History of the Ragdoll Cat Breed". 19 February 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Helgren, J. Anne (2006). "Ragdoll". Iams. Telemark Productions. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014.
  7. ^ "Ragdoll History-The Beginning". Ragdoll Historical Society. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  8. ^ a b Mattern, Joanne (2001). The Ragdoll Cat. Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone. pp. 5–16. ISBN 0736808973.
  9. ^ "Ragdoll". Iams. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  10. ^ Robbins, Nancy (14 February 2012). Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts. CreateSpace. p. 220. ISBN 9781470075385.
  11. ^ "Raistrick Ragdolls". Raistrickragdfolls.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
  12. ^ "Welcome to the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy". Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  13. ^ a b Understanding Cat Behavior: The Complete Feline Problem Solver[permanent dead link] Roger Tabor (2003). P 33.
  14. ^ Do cats always land on their feet Gina Spadafori, Marty Becker
  15. ^ "Why Do Ragdoll Cats Go Limp?". 17 January 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  16. ^ The Cat: Its Behavior, Nutrition & Health Linda P. Case, Kerry Helms, Bruce Macallister (2003). P 31.
  17. ^ Ragdoll Breed standard Governing Council of Cat Fancy
  18. ^ Ragdoll Breed standard Archived 2015-03-15 at the Wayback Machine Cat Fanciers' Association
  19. ^ Dina (2 February 2019). "Are Ragdoll Cats Playful?". purrcraze.com. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  20. ^ Braaksma, Hilary; Guthrie, Claudia. "Ragdoll". Daily Paws. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  21. ^ "Grooming Tips for a Ragdoll Cat". Petango. 28 March 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  22. ^ "Ragdoll Cat Breed Information". www.purina.co.uk. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  23. ^ "Ragdoll Cats - A Complete Guide To The Ragdoll Cat Breed". The Happy Cat Site. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  24. ^ Braaksma, Hilary; Guthrie, Claudia (December 1, 2021). "Ragdoll". Daily Paws. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  25. ^ Breed Profile Archived 14 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine Cat Fanciers' Association
  26. ^ "Ragdoll – The Cat Fanciers' Association, Inc". cfa.org. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  27. ^ "Ragdoll Introduction". Tica.org. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  28. ^ Mattern, Joanne. The Ragdoll Cat. capstone press. p. 19.
  29. ^ "Birman vs Ragdoll". The Little Carnivore. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Ragdoll International Patterns and Colors". Ragdollinternational.org. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  31. ^ "Ragdoll : POINT SCORE" (PDF). Cfa.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  32. ^ "Can a Ragdoll Cat be Calico?". ragdollcatsworld.com. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  33. ^ "Calico Ragdoll Cat – Can Ragdolls Have Calico Coloring?". thehappycatsite.com. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  34. ^ Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C; Church, David B; O’Neill, Dan G (2024). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and risk factors for mortality in cats in the UK". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 26 (5). doi:10.1177/1098612X241234556. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 11156239.
  35. ^ Egenvall, A.; Nødtvedt, A.; Häggström, J.; Ström Holst, B.; Möller, L.; Bonnett, B. N. (2009). "Mortality of Life-Insured Swedish Cats during 1999–2006: Age, Breed, Sex, and Diagnosis". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 23 (6): 1175–1183. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0396.x. PMC 7167180. PMID 19780926.
  36. ^ O’Neill, Dan G; Church, David B; McGreevy, Paul D; Thomson, Peter C; Brodbelt, David C (2014-06-12). "Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 17 (2). SAGE Publications: 125–133. doi:10.1177/1098612x14536176. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 10816413. PMID 24925771.
  37. ^ Albasan, H.; Osborne, C. A.; Lulich, J. P.; Lekcharoensuk, C. (2012). "Risk factors for urate uroliths in cats". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 240 (7): 842–847. doi:10.2460/javma.240.7.842. PMID 22443437.
  38. ^ O'Neill, D.G.; Gostelow, R.; Orme, C.; Church, D.B.; Niessen, S.J.M.; Verheyen, K.; Brodbelt, D.C. (2016-06-29). "Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus among 193,435 Cats Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in England". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 30 (4). Wiley: 964–972. doi:10.1111/jvim.14365. ISSN 0891-6640. PMC 5094533. PMID 27353396.
  39. ^ Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.). BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing (Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-910-44339-2.
  40. ^ a b "Myosin-Binding Protein C DNA Variants in Domestic Cats (A31P, A74T, R820W) and Their Association with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" (PDF). Vetogene.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  41. ^ "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats". Fabcats.org. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
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