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GM High Feature engine

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GM High Feature V6
Alloytec LPG V6 engine in a 2006-2008 Holden VE Commodore
Overview
ManufacturerGeneral Motors
Also calledAlloytec V6
Production2004–present
Layout
Configuration60° V6
Displacement
  • 2,792 cc (2.8 L; 170.4 cu in)
  • 2,994 cc (3.0 L; 182.7 cu in)
  • 3,195 cc (3.2 L; 195.0 cu in)
  • 3,564 cc (3.6 L; 217.5 cu in)
  • 3,649 cc (3.6 L; 222.7 cu in)
Cylinder bore
  • 86 mm (3.39 in)
  • 89 mm (3.5 in)
  • 94 mm (3.7 in)
  • 95 mm (3.74 in)
Piston stroke
  • 74.8 mm (2.94 in)
  • 80.3 mm (3.16 in)
  • 85.6 mm (3.37 in)
  • 85.8 mm (3.38 in)
Cylinder block materialAluminum
Cylinder head materialAluminum
ValvetrainDOHC 4 valves × cyl. with VVT
Compression ratio9.5:1, 10.0:1, 10.2:1, 10.3:1, 11.3:1, 11.5:1, 11.7:1, 12.2:1
RPM range
Max. engine speed6500–7200
Combustion
TurbochargerTwin-turbo (in some models) Single-turbo (in the 2.8L LP9 and LAU)
Fuel systemSequential multi-port fuel injection
Direct injection
Fuel typeGasoline, E85, LPG
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output201–464 hp (150–346 kW; 204–470 PS)
Torque output182–445 lb⋅ft (247–603 N⋅m)
Emissions
Emissions target standardEuro 6
Chronology
Predecessor

The GM High Feature engine (also known as the HFV6, and including the 3600 LY7 and derivative LP1) is a family of modern DOHC V6 engines produced by General Motors. The series was introduced in 2004 with the Cadillac CTS and the Holden Commodore (VZ).

It is a 60° 24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and sequential multi-port fuel injection. Most versions feature continuously variable cam phasing on both intake and exhaust valves and electronic throttle control. Other features include piston oil-jet capability, forged and fillet rolled crankshaft, sinter forged connecting rods, a variable-length intake manifold, twin knock control sensors and coil-on-plug ignition. It was developed by the same international team responsible for the Ecotec, including the Opel engineers responsible for the 54° V6, with involvement with design and development engineering from Ricardo plc.[citation needed]

GM's Australian auto division Holden produced a HFV6 engine under the name "Alloytec."

History

[edit]

The HFV6 was designed, tested, and produced in a joint program by Holden and Cadillac.[citation needed] A majority of designs into the new alloy construction, transmission pairing, and first use in production were all undertaken in Detroit (and manufactured in St. Catharines, Ontario). Holden was charged with developing smaller engines (Holden 3.2 LP1 and Saab 2.8 Turbo LP9) as well as their own Holden 3.6 and 3.0 HFV6 (called the Alloytec V6) for local models.

Cadillac and Holden both tested variations of these engines in the United States and Australia.

2.8

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LP1

[edit]

A 2.8 L (2,792 cc) LP1 variant was introduced in the 2005 Cadillac CTS. It was also used on the Chinese 2008 CTS. It has a 89 mm × 74.8 mm (3.50 in × 2.94 in) bore and stroke, sequential multi-port fuel injection and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. The LP1 was built in St. Catharines, Ontario.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2007–2009 Buick Park Avenue (China) 201 hp (150 kW; 204 PS) @ 6500 rpm 195 lb⋅ft (264 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2005–2007 Cadillac CTS 210 hp (157 kW; 213 PS) @ 6500 rpm 194 lb⋅ft (263 N⋅m) @ 3300 rpm
2008-2010 Cadillac CTS 210 hp (157 kW; 213 PS) @ 6800 rpm 182 lb⋅ft (247 N⋅m) @ 3600 rpm
2007–2009 Cadillac SLS (China) 209 hp (156 kW; 212 PS) @ 6500 rpm 194 lb⋅ft (263 N⋅m) @ 3300 rpm

LP9

[edit]
2.8 L turbo V6 in a 2006 Saab 9-3

This engine is also known as a A28NET, Z28NET, Z28NEL or B284.

The LP9 is a 2.8L turbocharged version used for the Saab 9-3, Saab 9-5, and other GM vehicles. It has the same bore and stroke as the naturally aspirated LP1, however the compression ratio is reduced to 9.5:1. The engine is manufactured at Holden's Fishermans Bend engine factory in Port Melbourne, Australia, while GM Powertrain Sweden (formerly Saab Automobile Powertrain) is responsible for turbocharging the engine. Global versions of this engine use the same horsepower rating for both metric and imperial markets – mechanical horsepower – while the Europe-only versions are rated in metric horsepower.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2005–2008 Opel/Vauxhall Vectra 227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) @ 5500 rpm 330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2005–2008 Opel/Vauxhall Signum 227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) @ 5500 rpm 330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2008 247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2005 Opel/Vauxhall Vectra OPC/VXR 247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2008 276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2009 Cadillac BLS 247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2008 Saab 9-3 Aero 247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2009 276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2008 Saab 9-3 Turbo X 276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2008 Saab 9-3 Aero Convertible 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2009 276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm 370 N⋅m (273 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm

LAU

[edit]

The LAU is GM's new code for the LP9 Turbo engine, its usage starting with the 2010 Cadillac SRX.[1] In 2011, production of the Cadillac SRX with the LAU engine ceased, but the engine remained in use in the Saab 9-4X until 2012, when production of that model came to an end.[2][3]

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2010–2011 Cadillac SRX 300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS) at 5500 rpm 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm
2011–2012 Saab 9-4X 300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS) at 5500 rpm 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm
2009–2013 Opel/Vauxhall Insignia 256 hp (191 kW; 260 PS) @ 5500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900–4500 rpm
2009–2013 Opel/Vauxhall Insignia OPC/VXR 321 hp (239 kW; 325 PS) @ 5250 rpm 435 N⋅m (321 lb⋅ft) @ 1900–4500 rpm
2010–2012 Saab 9-5 Turbo6 XWD /Aero 296 hp (221 kW; 300 PS) @ 5500 rpm 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm

3.0

[edit]

LF1

[edit]

The LF1 is a 3.0-litre (2,994 cc) version with a bore and stroke of 89 mm × 80.3 mm (3.50 in × 3.16 in) produced between 2010 and 2014, equipped with spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) and a 11.7:1 compression ratio.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2010 Buick LaCrosse 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6950 rpm 217 lb⋅ft (294 N⋅m) @ 5600 rpm
2010–2012 Buick Park Avenue (China) 251 hp (187 kW; 254 PS) @ 6700 rpm 218 lb⋅ft (296 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2010–2011 Cadillac CTS 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 7000 rpm 223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5700 rpm
2011–2013 Cadillac SLS (China) 268 hp (200 kW; 272 PS) @ 7000 rpm 221 ft⋅lb (300 N⋅m) @ 5600 rpm
2010–2011 Cadillac SRX[4] 265 hp (198 kW; 269 PS) @ 6950 rpm 223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010–2012 Chevrolet Equinox 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm 222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010–2012 GMC Terrain 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm 222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010 Holden Commodore 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6700 rpm 214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2011 Saab 9-4X[3] 265 hp (198 kW; 269 PS) @ 6950 rpm 223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2011 Chevrolet Captiva 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6900 rpm 212 lb⋅ft (287 N⋅m) @ 5800 rpm
2012 Chevrolet Malibu (Middle East)[5] 260 hp (194 kW; 264 PS) @ 6900 rpm 214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 5600 rpm

LFW

[edit]

The LFW is a flexible fuel version of the LF1, capable of running on E85, gasoline, or any mixture of the two. Output is identical to the LF1.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2011-2017 Buick GL8 (China only) 254 hp (189 kW; 258 PS) @ 6800 rpm 214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2011–2012 Chevrolet Equinox 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm 222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2011–2012 GMC Terrain 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm 222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2012–2013 Cadillac CTS 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 7000 rpm 223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5700 rpm
2012–2013 Chevrolet Captiva Sport 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm 222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010–2017 Holden Commodore (VE) and VF 254 hp (189 kW; 258 PS) @ 6800 rpm 214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm

3.2

[edit]
For the Alfa Romeo version of the 3.2 L, see Alfa Romeo JTS engine.

Holden has built its own 3.2 L (3,195 cc) version of the High Feature engine in Australia produced between 2005 and 2010 with a bore and stroke of 89 mm × 85.6 mm (3.50 in × 3.37 in). Branded with the Alloytec name like the 3.6L version, this version produces 227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) at 6600 rpm and 297 N⋅m (219 lb⋅ft) at 3200 rpm. It has a 10.3:1 compression ratio. Its fuel economy is 4–6 km/L (11–17 mpg‑imp; 9.4–14.1 mpg‑US) in city, and 7–9 km/L (20–25 mpg‑imp; 16–21 mpg‑US) on highway.[citation needed]. Holden also produced the 3.2L engines that were used by Alfa Romeo as the basis of its JTS V6 engine.

Applications:

3.6

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3.6
3.6L engine in a Holden VZ Commodore
Overview
Production2004–present
Layout
Displacement3,564 cc (3.564 L)
Cylinder bore94 mm (3.70 in)
Piston stroke85.6 mm (3.37 in)
Compression ratio10.2:1, 11.3:1, 11.5:1
Combustion
Fuel system
Fuel typeGasoline, Autogas (LPG), E85
Dimensions
Dry weight168 kg (370 lb) (3.6L V6 High Feature engine)[6]

LY7

[edit]

The 3.6 L; 217.5 cu in (3,564 cc) LY7 engine was developed primarily by Holden and introduced in the 2004 Holden VZ Commodore and 2004 Cadillac CTS sedan. It has a 10.2:1 compression ratio, Sequential multi-port fuel injection, and a bore and stroke of 94 mm × 85.6 mm (3.70 in × 3.37 in). Lower-powered versions only have variable cam phasing on the inlet cam (LE0). Selected models also include variable exhaust. The engine weighs 370 lb (170 kg) as installed.

This engine is produced in several locations: St. Catharines (Ontario), Flint Engine South (Michigan), Melbourne (Australia), Ramos Arizpe (Mexico), and Sagara (Japan) by Suzuki.

Suzuki's engine designation is N36A.

The dual-fuel 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) LW2 version was able to run on petrol and autogas. The LW2 engine was based on the low-output LE0 V6. It featured a factory-fitted dual-fuel system developed by IMPCO, different valves, and hardened titanium valve seats. This motor was available exclusively in Holden vehicles from 2005–2012.

Applications:[7]

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2004–2007 Buick Rendezvous CXL/Ultra 242 hp (180 kW; 245 PS) @ 6000 rpm 232 lb⋅ft (315 N⋅m) @ 3500 rpm
2004–2007 Cadillac CTS 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6200 rpm 252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2008–2009 Cadillac CTS 263 hp (196 kW; 267 PS) @ 6200 rpm 253 lb⋅ft (343 N⋅m) @ 3100 rpm
2004–2009 Cadillac SRX 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm 254 lb⋅ft (344 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2004–2005 Holden VZ Commodore 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) @ 6000 rpm 236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2006–2007 231 hp (172 kW; 234 PS) @ 6000 rpm 236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2004–2006 Holden VZ Commodore

Holden WL Statesman, VZ Calais, VZ SV6

255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2006–2007 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm 247 lb⋅ft (335 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2005–2008 Buick LaCrosse CXS 240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS) @ 6000 rpm 225 lb⋅ft (305 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2005–2007 Cadillac STS 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm 252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2006–2007 Holden VE Commodore Omega 240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS) @ 6000 rpm 243 lb⋅ft (329 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2008–2009 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) @ 6500 rpm 240 lb⋅ft (325 N⋅m) @ 2400 rpm
2006–2009 Holden WM Statesman/Caprice 262 hp (195 kW; 266 PS) @ 6500 rpm 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2007–2009 Buick Park Avenue (China) 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6600 rpm 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2007–2009 Cadillac SLS (China) 251 hp (187 kW; 254 PS) @ 6500 rpm 252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2006–2011 Holden Rodeo/Colorado 211 hp (157 kW; 214 PS) @ 6500 rpm 231 lb⋅ft (313 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2007–2008 GMC Acadia 275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) @ 6600 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007 Pontiac G6 GTP 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007–2009 Saturn Aura XR 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007–2008 Saturn Outlook XE single exhaust 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 6600 rpm 248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007–2008 Saturn Outlook XR dual exhaust 275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) @ 6600 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008 Buick Enclave 275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) @ 6600 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008–2012 Chevrolet Malibu 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008–2009 Chevrolet Equinox Sport 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6500 rpm 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2300 rpm
2008–2009 Pontiac G6 GXP 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008–2009 Pontiac G8 256 hp (191 kW; 260 PS) @ 6300 rpm 248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) @ 2100 rpm
2008–2009 Pontiac Torrent GXP 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6500 rpm 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2300 rpm
2008–2009 Saturn Vue XR / Red Line 257 hp (192 kW; 261 PS) @ 6500 rpm 248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) @ 2100 rpm
2007–2009 Suzuki XL-7 252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6500 rpm 243 lb⋅ft (329 N⋅m) @ 2300 rpm

LLT

[edit]

The 3.6 L (3,564 cc) LLT is a direct injected version based on the earlier LY7 engine. It was first unveiled in May 2006, and the DI version was claimed to have 15% greater power, 8% greater torque, and 3% better fuel economy than its port-injected counterpart. The LLT engine has a compression ratio of 11.3:1, and has been certified by the SAE to produce 302 hp (225 kW; 306 PS) at 6300 rpm and 272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) of torque at 5200 rpm on regular unleaded (87 octane) gasoline. This engine debuted on the 2008 Cadillac STS and CTS.[8][9] GM used an LLT in all 2009–2017 Lambda-derived crossover SUVs to allow class-leading fuel economy in light of the new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. In these crossovers, the LLT engine produced up to 288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) and 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) of torque.[10][11][12]

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2008–2011 Cadillac CTS 304 hp (227 kW; 308 PS) @ 6400 rpm 273 lb⋅ft (370 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2008–2011 Cadillac STS 302 hp (225 kW; 306 PS) @ 6300 rpm 272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2009–2017 Buick Enclave 288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009–2017 Chevrolet Traverse single exhaust 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6300 rpm 266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009–2017 Chevrolet Traverse dual exhaust 288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009–2016 GMC Acadia 288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009 Saturn Outlook single exhaust 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6300 rpm 266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009 Saturn Outlook dual exhaust 288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009–2011 Daewoo Veritas
2009–2011 Holden VE Commodore SV6 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6400 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2009–2011 Holden WM Statesman/Caprice 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6400 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2010–2011 Buick LaCrosse CXS 280 hp (209 kW; 284 PS) @ 6400 rpm 259 lb⋅ft (351 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2010–2011 Chevrolet Camaro 312 hp (233 kW; 316 PS) @ 6400 rpm 278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2010–2011 Cadillac SLS (China) 307 hp (229 kW; 311 PS) @ 6400 rpm 276 lb⋅ft (374 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm

LFX

[edit]

The LFX is an enhanced version of the LLT engine developed jointly by Holden and Cadillac. Introduced in the MY2012 Holden Commodore SV6 and the MY2012 Chevrolet Camaro LS/LT, it is 20.5 pounds (9.3 kg) lighter than the LLT, thanks to a redesigned cylinder head, integrated exhaust manifold, and composite intake manifold. Other components like the fuel injectors, intake valves, and fuel pump have also been updated. They also included the addition of cam phasing and variable valve timing. Power and torque are up slightly from the LLT. The compression ratio is 11.5:1. The LFX also features E85 flex-fuel capability.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2012–2016 Buick LaCrosse 303 hp (226 kW; 307 PS) @ 6800 rpm 264 lb⋅ft (358 N⋅m) @ 5300 rpm link
2013–2015 Cadillac ATS 321 hp (239 kW; 325 PS) @ 6800 rpm 274 lb⋅ft (371 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm link
2012–2014 Cadillac CTS
(2014 Wagon & Coupe only) 		318 hp (237 kW; 322 PS) @ 6800 rpm 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm link
2014–2015 Cadillac CTS
(2014 Sedan only) 		321 hp (239 kW; 325 PS) @ 6800 rpm 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm link
2012–2016 Cadillac SRX 308 hp (230 kW; 312 PS) @ 6800 rpm 265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m) @ 2400 rpm link
2013–2019 Cadillac XTS 304 hp (227 kW; 308 PS) @ 6800 rpm 264 lb⋅ft (358 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm link
2012–2015 Chevrolet Camaro 323 hp (241 kW; 327 PS) @ 6800 rpm 278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm link
2012–2017 Chevrolet Caprice PPV 301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS) @ 6700 rpm 265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm link
2015–2016 Chevrolet Colorado 305 hp (227 kW; 309 PS) @ 6800 rpm 269 lb⋅ft (365 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm link
GMC Canyon link
2013–2017 Chevrolet Equinox 301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS) @ 6500 rpm 272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm link
2012–2016 Chevrolet Impala/Impala Limited 302 hp (225 kW; 306 PS) @ 6500 rpm 262 lb⋅ft (355 N⋅m) @ 5300 rpm
2014–2020 Chevrolet Impala 305 hp (227 kW; 309 PS) @ 6500 rpm 262 lb⋅ft (355 N⋅m) @ 5300 rpm link
2013–2017 GMC Terrain 301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS) @ 6500 rpm 272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm link
2011–2015 Holden Caprice 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6700 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2011–2013 Holden Commodore VE II (MY 2012) 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6700 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2013–2017 Holden Commodore VF 281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6700 rpm 258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm

LWR

[edit]

The LWR is dedicated LPG 3.6-liter engine. Introduced in the MY2012 Holden Commodore, Based on the 3.6-litre LY7 engine, the LWR had a vapour injection system. The vapour injection system injected gas directly into the air intake runner, thereby preventing excess gas from circulating through the air intake system. Although liquid LPG injection generally produces more power, Holden justified vapour injection on the grounds of lower fuel consumption, lower CO2 emissions, reduced pumping and parasitic losses, and start-up reliability in hot weather.

The dedicated LPG LWR engine produced peak power and torque of 180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 6000 rpm and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm. The LWR engine was mated to GM's six-speed 6L45 automatic transmission and, over the combined ADR 81/02 test cycle, the Commodore Omega achieved fuel consumption of 11.8 L/100 km (24 mpg‑imp; 19.9 mpg‑US) – an improvement of 1.6 L/100 km compared to its dual-fuel LW2 predecessor. Furthermore, the LWR engine exceeded Euro 6 emissions standards.

  • Specially hardened valves and valve seats.
  • A redesigned cylinder head and manifold for improved air flow.
  • Variable exhaust valve timing (the LW2 engine only had variable intake valve timing)
  • Specially-developed fuel injectors.
  • New pistons with pentroof-style centre-domes and valve eyelets for a higher compression ratio of 12.2:1 (compared to 10.2:1 for the dual fuel engine).
  • A new fuel rail and a new LPG fuel filter.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2012–2013 Holden Commodore VE II (MY 2012) 241 hp (180 kW; 244 PS) @ 6000 rpm 236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2013–2015 Holden Commodore VF 241 hp (180 kW; 244 PS) @ 6000 rpm 236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2012–2015 Holden Caprice 241 hp (180 kW; 244 PS) @ 6000 rpm 236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm

LCS

[edit]

The 3.6 L (3,564 cc) LCS was derived from the direct-injected LLT for use in hybrids, using the two-mode system.[13] Differences from the LLT included a slightly lower compression ratio, 11.3:1, and lower power and torque peaks. It was to debut in the 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid, where it would have made 262 hp (195 kW; 266 PS) at 6100 rpm and 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) of torque at 4800 rpm.[14] Fuel economy ratings would have been 6–8 km/L (17–23 mpg‑imp; 14–19 mpg‑US) in city, and 9–11 km/L (25–31 mpg‑imp; 21–26 mpg‑US) on highway. However, GM cancelled its plans for the Saturn Vue Hybrid.

LF3

[edit]

The 3.6L twin-turbocharged version for the 2014 Cadillac CTS and XTS was announced at the 2013 NYAS.[15]

The engine is rated at 420 hp (313 kW; 426 PS) of power at 5750 rpm and 430 lb⋅ft (583 N⋅m) of torque at 3500–4500 rpm (with 90% of torque being available at 2500–5500 rpm) and helps the CTS achieve 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time of 4.6 seconds with an 8-speed automatic transmission.

In essence, the twin-turbo 3.6L V6 is the forced-induction variant of the popular LFX V6 found in the Cadillac ATS, XTS, and SRX, among many other GM models, with several important upgrades, including:

  • All-new cylinder block casting
  • All-new cylinder head castings
  • Strengthened connecting rods
  • Forged steel crankshaft
  • Continuously variable valve timing
  • Large 38.3 mm (1.51 in) intake valves and 30.6 mm (1.20 in) sodium-filled exhaust valves
  • Machined, domed aluminum pistons with top steel ring carrier for greater strength
  • 10.2:1 compression ratio
  • Patented, integrated charge air cooler system with low-volume air ducts
  • Twin turbochargers produce more than 12 psi (83 kPa)
  • Vacuum-actuated wastegates with electronic control valves
  • All-new direct injection fuel system
  • Tuned air inlet and outlet resonators, aluminum cam covers, and other features that contribute to exceptional quietness and smoothness

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2014–2019 Cadillac XTS 404 hp (301 kW; 410 PS) @ 6000 rpm 369 lb⋅ft (500 N⋅m) @ 1900–5600 rpm link
2014–2019 Cadillac CTS 420 hp (313 kW; 426 PS) @ 5750 rpm 430 lb⋅ft (583 N⋅m) @ 3500–4500 rpm link

LF4

[edit]

The LF4 is a higher-performance variant of the LF3 for use in the Cadillac ATS-V. Changes to the LF3 include:

  • Turbochargers with low-inertia titanium-aluminide turbines and vacuum-actuated wastegates for more responsive torque production
  • Compressors matched for peak efficiency at peak power levels, for optimal track performance
  • Patent-pending low-volume charge-cooling system that optimizes packaging efficiency and maximizes boost pressure
  • Lightweight titanium connecting rods that reduce inertia of the rotating assembly, complementing the quick-spooling turbochargers[16]
  • Peak boost increased to 18 psi (1.2 bar), from 12 psi (0.83 bar)
  • Higher-flow fuel injectors
  • Oil pan baffling for better oil flow at high cornering speeds[17]

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2016–2019 Cadillac ATS-V, Cadillac ATS-V Coupe 464 hp (346 kW; 470 PS) @ 5850 RPM 445 lb⋅ft (603 N⋅m) @ 3500 RPM 2016 link
2022–present Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing 472 hp (352 kW; 479 PS) 445 lb⋅ft (603 N⋅m)

LFR

[edit]

The LFR is a bi-fuel variant of the LFX, although multi-point fuel injection is used for both the gasoline and CNG instead of direct-injection.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2015–2017 Chevrolet Impala Bi-Fuel CNG 232 hp (173 kW; 235 PS) @ 6000 RPM CNG 218 lb⋅ft (296 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM 2016 CNG link
Gasoline 258 hp (192 kW; 262 PS) @ 5900 RPM Gasoline 244 lb⋅ft (331 N⋅m) @ 4800 RPM 2016 Gas link

LFY

[edit]

The LFY is similar to the LFX, but adds stop-start technology and has improved airflow.[18]

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2018–2024 Buick Enclave 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 rpm 266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2018–2023 Chevrolet Traverse 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 rpm 266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm

Fourth generation

[edit]

Starting with the 2016 Cadillac models, a new generation of High Feature V6s were developed.[19] These new engines have redesigned block architectures with bore centers increased from 103 mm (4.055 in) on prior HFV6 engines to 106 mm (4.173 in) and a redesigned cooling system to target the hottest areas while also facilitating faster warm-up. They also incorporate engine start-stop technology, cylinder-deactivation, 2-stage oil pumps, and updated variable valve timing featuring intermediate park technology for late-intake valve closure. Both engines debuted in the 2016 Cadillac CT6.[20]

3.0 L

[edit]

LGW

[edit]

Bore and stroke of 86 mm × 85.8 mm (3.39 in × 3.38 in) are used, along with a 9.8:1 compression ratio and twin turbos with titanium-aluminide turbine wheels. Maximum engine speed is 6500 RPM. Premium unleaded fuel is required.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2016–2019 Cadillac CT6 404 hp (301 kW; 410 PS) @ 5700 RPM 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) @ 2500-5100 RPM dyno chart

LGY

[edit]

Bore and stroke of 86 mm × 85.8 mm (3.39 in × 3.38 in) are used, along with a 9.8:1 compression ratio and twin turbos with titanium-aluminide turbine wheels. Maximum engine speed is 6500 RPM. Premium unleaded fuel is required.

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2020–present Cadillac CT5 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 5600 RPM 405 lb⋅ft (549 N⋅m) @ 2400-4400 RPM
V: 360 hp (268 kW; 365 PS) @ 5600 RPM V: 405 lb⋅ft (549 N⋅m) @ 2400-4400 RPM

3.6 L

[edit]

LGX

[edit]

Along with the increased bore spacing, the new 3.6 L DI V6 has larger bores than before, growing from 94 mm (3.701 in) to 95 mm (3.740 in) with the same 85.8 mm (3.378 in) stroke as the 3.0L LGW, for a displacement of 3.6 L (3,649 cc). Intake and exhaust valves are also increased in size along with other changes to the cylinder head.[21] The only part shared with the prior generation is the hydraulic lash adjusters in the valvetrain.[22] The LGX was benchmarked against the 3.7L VQ37VHR of the 2015 Infiniti Q40.[22] Compression ratio is 11.5:1 and maximum engine speed is 7200 RPM.

Compared to GM's LFX/LFY 3.6 L engine, the LGX features active fuel management, NVH enhancements and slightly more torque.[23]

The LGX was on Ward's 10 Best Engines for 2016.[24]

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque Dyno chart
2016–2019 Cadillac ATS 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM 285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM 2016 link
2016–2019 Cadillac CT6 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM 284 lb⋅ft (385 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM 2016 link
2016–2019 Cadillac CTS 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM 285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM 2016 link
2016–2024 Chevrolet Camaro 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM 284 lb⋅ft (385 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM 2016 link
2017–2019 Buick LaCrosse 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 RPM 282 lb⋅ft (382 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM
2018–2020 Buick Regal GS 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 RPM 282 lb⋅ft (382 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM
2018–2020 Holden Commodore 315 hp (235 kW; 319 PS) @ 6800 RPM 281 lb⋅ft (381 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM
2017–2025 Cadillac XT5 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6600 RPM 271 lb⋅ft (367 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM
2017–2023 GMC Acadia 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6600 RPM 271 lb⋅ft (367 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM
2019–present Chevrolet Blazer 308 hp (230 kW; 312 PS) @ 6600 RPM 269 lb⋅ft (365 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM
2020–present Cadillac XT6 310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6600 RPM 271 lb⋅ft (367 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM

LGZ

[edit]

The LGZ is a variant of the LGX designed for use in the Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon.[25][26]

Applications:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2017–2022 GMC Canyon 308 hp (230 kW; 312 PS) @ 6800 RPM 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) @ 4000 RPM
Chevrolet Colorado

7.2L V12

[edit]

On March 21, 2007, AutoWeek reported that GM was planning to develop a 60-degree V12 based on this engine family to power the top version of Cadillac's upcoming flagship sedan. This Cadillac would essentially have had two 3.6L High Feature V6s attached crankshaft-to-crankshaft and would have featured high-end technologies including direct injection and cylinder deactivation. If this engine were developed, it would have displaced 7.2 liters, and produced approximately 600 hp (447 kW; 608 PS) and 540 lb⋅ft (732 N⋅m) of torque. Development of the engine was reportedly being conducted in Australia by Holden, with a potential HSV or Statesman application.[27]

In August 2008, GM announced that development of the V12 had been cancelled.[28]

Timing chain issues

[edit]

Earlier production 2.8L, 3.0L, 3.2L, and 3.6L engines with the three chain design suffered from premature timing chain failures because of a faulty PCV system and extended oil change intervals. Most of the problems occurred on pre-LFX engines.[29]

Holden High Feature engine

[edit]

Holden sold a HFV6 engine under the name Alloytec. The High Feature moniker on the Holden produced engine is reserved for the twin cam phasing high output version. The block was designed to be expandable from 2.8 L to 4.0 L. High Feature V6 engines were previously produced in Fishermans Bend, Port Melbourne, Australia, and remain in production at the following four manufacturing locations: St. Catharines Engine Plant, St. Catharines, Canada; Flint Engine South in Flint, Michigan, United States; Romulus Engine Plant in Romulus, Michigan; and Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico. The assembly lines for the St. Catharines and Flint facilities were manufactured by Hirata Corporation at its powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan. Most of the designs of this motor happened in Flint. They were first produced for the Cadillac range.[citation needed] The engine block and cylinder heads are cast at Defiance Foundry in Defiance, Ohio.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "GM Media Online: GM Canada English". Archives.media.gm.com. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  2. ^ "Cadillac SRX Turbo Model Axed". GM Inside News. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  3. ^ a b "New Saab 9-4X: Powertrain". Saab Media Online. Retrieved 2011-01-02.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (2009-01-04). "Detroit Preview: 2010 Cadillac SRX reborn". autoblog.com. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  5. ^ "Press Kits". Media.gm.com. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
  6. ^ "Holden's new Alloytec engine may chew as much fuel as the engine it replaces". goauto.com.au. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
  7. ^ "GM News - United States - News". Media.gm.com. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  8. ^ Hellwig, Ed (2007-01-08). "Detroit Auto Show: 2008 Cadillac CTS". edmunds.com. Archived from the original on 2008-03-18. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  9. ^ Brennan, Reilly (2007-05-08). "Cadillac Ups STS Horsepower Rating To 302". nextautos.com. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  10. ^ "Engine - Power Curve". Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  11. ^ "Engine - Power Curve". Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  12. ^ "Engine - Power Curve". Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  13. ^ "Model Information - Online Ordering Guide". Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  14. ^ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2009a/HPT%20Library/HFV6/2009%2036L%20Hybrid_SAE.pdf [dead link]
  15. ^ "Cadillac Twin-Turbo Debuts in All-New 2014 CTS Sedan". Media.gm.com. 2013-03-18. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
  16. ^ "Cadillac ATS-V Expands Lineup, Intensifies Passion". GM Media USA. GM. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  17. ^ "2016 Cadillac ATS-V Coupe and Sedan: 455 M3-Baiting Horsepower!". Car & Driver. Car & Driver. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  18. ^ "GM 3.6 Liter V6 LFY Engine". 19 April 2017.
  19. ^ "All-New, Advanced 3.6L V-6 to Drive Cadillac CT6". 20 March 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  20. ^ "Cadillac Next-Gen V-6 Engines Led by 3.0L Twin Turbo". GM Media USA. GM. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  21. ^ "All-New, Advanced 3.6L V-6 to Drive Cadillac CT6". Cadillac Media USA. Cadillac Media USA. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  22. ^ a b "GM Powertrain Shows Love for 6-Pack". 9 November 2015.
  23. ^ Albrecht, Tom. "Buyers Don't Seem To Care That New Buick Enclave Uses Last-Gen Engine". Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  24. ^ "Electrics Charge up 10 Best Engines List | Engines content from WardsAuto". Archived from the original on 2015-12-15.
  25. ^ "2017 GM VIN Card" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
  26. ^ "Chevrolet Colorado Resets the Bar for Midsize Segment". Media.chevrolet.com. 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
  27. ^ "AutoWeek Breaks Major Cadillac News in March 26 Issue" (Press release). prnewswire.com. 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  28. ^ "Cadillac cancels plans for V12 XLKS flagship sedan". autospies.com. 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  29. ^ "MOTOR".
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