1991 in video games
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1991 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Street Fighter II, Final Fantasy IV, Super Castlevania IV, Mega Man 4, Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts, and The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, along with new titles such as Sonic the Hedgehog, Battletoads, Lemmings, Sunset Riders, Duke Nukem, Fatal Fury: King of Fighters, and Streets of Rage. The year's highest-grossing video game worldwide was Capcom's arcade fighting game Street Fighter II. The year's best-selling system was the Game Boy for the second year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video game was Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog, which was also the year's top video game rental in the United States.
Top-rated games
[edit]Game of the Year awards
[edit]The following titles won Game of the Year awards for 1991.
Famitsu Platinum Hall of Fame
[edit]The following video game releases in 1991 entered Famitsu magazine's "Platinum Hall of Fame" for receiving Famitsu scores of at least 35 out of 40.[12]
| Title | Platform | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Score (out of 40) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (A Link to the Past) | Super Famicom | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | 39 |
| Final Fantasy IV | Super Famicom | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | 36 |
| Lemmings | Super Famicom | Sunsoft | Sunsoft | Strategy | 35 |
Financial performance
[edit]Highest-grossing arcade games
[edit]The year's highest-grossing game worldwide was Street Fighter II, which alone accounted for an estimated 60% of the global arcade game market, according to Coinslot magazine.[13] The following table lists the year's top-grossing arcade game in Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, and worldwide.
| Market | Title | Hardware sales | Coin drop earnings | Inflation | Manufacturer | Genre | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 17,000 | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [14][15] |
| United Kingdom | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 10,000 | $229 million+ | $510 million+ | Capcom | Fighting | [13] |
| United States | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [16][17] | |
| Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Unknown | Unknown | Konami | Beat 'em up | [18] | ||
| Australia | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [19] | |
| Worldwide | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 50,000 | Capcom | Fighting | [13][15] | ||
Japan
[edit]In Japan, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1991, according to the annual Gamest and Game Machine charts.
| Rank | Gamest[14] | Game Machine[15] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Type | ||
| 1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Software conversion kit |
| 2 | Final Fight | Tetris (Sega) | Software conversion kit |
| 3 | Final Lap 2 | Columns | Software conversion kit |
| 4 | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | Final Lap 2 | Standard cabinet |
| 5 | Raiden | Deluxe cabinet | |
| 6 | Super Monaco GP | Super Volley '91 (Power Spikes) | Software conversion kit |
| 7 | Clutch Hitter | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | |
| 8 | GP Rider | Final Fight | Software conversion kit |
| 9 | Super Volley '91 (Power Spikes) | World Stadium '90 | Software conversion kit |
| 10 | Dragon Saber | Columns II | Software conversion kit |
United States
[edit]In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade video games of 1991.
| Rank | AAMA[16][17][20] | AMOA[21][22] | Play Meter | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Award | Arcade conversion kit | Dedicated arcade cabinet | ||
| 1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Diamond | Street Fighter II | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles[18] |
| 2 | The Simpsons, Neo Geo MVS |
Platinum | Capcom Bowling, Final Fight, High Impact Football, Raiden |
Hard Drivin', Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter, Race Drivin' |
Unknown |
| 3 | |||||
| 4 | High Impact Football | Gold | |||
| 5 | Final Lap 2 | Silver | |||
Hong Kong and Australia
[edit]In Hong Kong and Australia, the following titles were the top-grossing arcade games on the monthly charts in 1991.
| Month | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Australia (Timezone) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arcade conversion software kit | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Ref | Dedicated | Conversion | Ref | ||||
| January | Super Pang | Big Run | Cisco Heat | [23][24] | Unknown | Unknown | |||
| February | Escape Kids | Street Fighter II | Cisco Heat | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | [24][25] | |||
| March | Street Fighter II | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | F-15 Strike Eagle | [25][26][27] | ||||
| April | Street Fighter II | Gun Force | F-15 Strike Eagle | [27][28] | |||||
| May | Street Fighter II | F-15 Strike Eagle | Hard Drivin' | [28][29] | |||||
| June | Hard Drivin' | [29][30] | |||||||
| July | Street Fighter II | Mutant Fighter | [30][31] | ||||||
| August | Mutant Fighter | D. D. Crew | Hard Drivin' | Time Traveler | [31][32] | ||||
| September | WWF WrestleFest | Street Fighter II | Time Traveler | Hard Drivin' | [32][33] | ||||
| October | Street Fighter II | Vendetta | Hard Drivin' | Race Drivin' | [33] | Final Lap 2 | Spider-Man | [34] | |
| 1991 | Street Fighter II | [19] | |||||||
Best-selling home systems
[edit]| Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | USA | Europe | Korea | Worldwide | |||||
| 1 | Game Boy | Nintendo | Handheld | 8-bit | 1,940,000[35] | 4,000,000[36] | 1,400,000[37] | Unknown | 7,340,000+ |
| 2 | Super NES | Nintendo | Console | 16-bit | 3,150,000[35] | 1,900,000+[38] | — | — | 5,050,000+ |
| 3 | NES / Famicom | Nintendo | Console | 8-bit | 1,240,000[35] | 2,100,000[36] | 500,000+[39] | 100,000[40] | 3,940,000+ |
| 4 | Mega Drive / Genesis | Sega | Console | 16-bit | 700,000[35] | 1,600,000+[41] | 815,000[42] | 51,000[40] | 3,166,000+ |
| 5 | IBM PC | IBM | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,910,000[43] |
| 6 | Macintosh | Apple Inc. | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,100,000[44] |
| 7 | Master System | Sega | Console | 8-bit | Unknown | < 50,000[45] | 1,745,000[42] | 160,000[40] | 1,905,000+ |
| 8 | NEC PC-88 / PC-98 | NEC | Computer | 8-bit / 16-bit | 1,720,000[46][47] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 1,720,000+ |
| 9 | Game Gear | Sega | Handheld | 8-bit | 400,000[35] | 600,000+[48] | 520,000[42] | Unknown | 1,520,000+ |
| 10 | Amiga | Commodore | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 1,035,000[44] |
Best-selling home video games
[edit]Sonic the Hedgehog was the best-selling home video game of 1991,[49] with 2 million copies sold worldwide during the year.[50]
Japan
[edit]In Japan, according to Famicom Tsūshin (Famitsu) magazine, the following titles were the top ten best-selling 1991 releases, including later sales in 1992.[51]
| Rank | Title | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Platform | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (A Link to the Past) | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | < 1,160,000[52] |
| 2 | Final Fantasy IV (Final Fantasy II) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Super Famicom | Unknown |
| 3 | Yoshi | Game Freak | Nintendo | Puzzle | Famicom | Unknown |
| 4 | Game Boy | |||||
| 5 | Ganbare Goemon: Yukihime Kyūshutsu Emaki (Mystical Ninja) | Konami | Konami | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | Unknown |
| 6 | SaGa 3: Jikū no Hasha (Final Fantasy Legend III) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Game Boy | < 650,000[53] |
| 7 | Chō Makaimura (Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts) | Capcom | Capcom | Action-platformer | Super Famicom | Unknown |
| 8 | SimCity | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | City-building | ||
| 9 | Super Wagan Land | Namco | Platformer | |||
| 10 | Super Formation Soccer (Super Soccer) | Human Entertainment | Sports (football) | Super Famicom | < 600,000[54] | |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games on the Famitsu charts in 1991. The charts were bi-weekly up until July 1991, when they switched to a weekly format.
| Month | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Unknown | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | [55] | ||
| February | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | ||||
| March | [55][56] | ||||
| April | Ultraman (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | |||
| May | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | SimCity (Super Famicom) | [55][56][57] | ||
| June | SimCity (Super Famicom) | Magical Taruruto (Game Boy) | [55] | ||
| July | SimCity (Super Famicom) | Super R-Type (SFC) | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | ||
| August | Unknown | Unknown | Final Fantasy IV (SFC) | Dragon Ball Z II: Gekishin Freeza (FC) | [55][58] |
| September | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | Chibi Maruko-chan 2 (GB) | Mario Open Golf (Famicom) | [58][59][60] | |
| October | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | [60][61][62] | |||
| November | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | Akumajō Dracula (SFC) | Super Mario World (SFC) | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (SFC) | [55][63] |
| December | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (SFC)[63] | Mega Man 4 (FC) | SaGa 3 (Game Boy) | [55][64][65] | |
United Kingdom
[edit]In the United Kingdom, the following titles were the best-selling home video games on the monthly Computer and Video Games (CVG) charts in 1991.
| Month | Home computers | Sega Mega Drive | PC Engine | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (C64) | Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse | Out Run | [66] |
| February | Speedball 2: Brutal Deluxe (Amiga) | [67] | ||
| March | Lemmings (Amiga) | Gynoug | Parasol Stars | [68] |
| April | Magicland Dizzy (ZX Spectrum) | Midnight Resistance | [69] | |
| May | [70] | |||
| June | Sonic the Hedgehog | Legend of Hero Tonma | [71] | |
| July | Bubble Bobble (ZX Spectrum) | — | [72] | |
| August | Manchester United Europe | — | — | [73] |
| September | Jimmy White's 'Whirlwind' Snooker | Streets of Rage | PC Kid 2 | [74] |
| October | Terminator 2: Judgment Day | Mercs | Hit the Ice | [75] |
| November | Lotus Turbo Challenge 2 | QuackShot | Time Cruise II | [76] |
| December | WWF WrestleMania | RoboCod | Gradius | [77][78] |
United States
[edit]In the United States, the following titles were the top three best-selling home video game releases of 1991.
| Rank | Title | Platform | Sales | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | 1,000,000+ | [49] |
| 2 | Super Mario World | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Unknown | [79] |
| 3 | F-Zero |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games of each month in 1991.
| Month | All platforms | Nintendo consoles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Platform | Ref | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref | |
| May | Unknown | Unknown | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | [80] | ||||
| June | Unknown | Unknown | [81][82] | |||||
| August | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | [83] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
| September | Unknown | Tetris (NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Unknown | [84] | |||
| October | Super Mario World (Super NES)[85][86][87] | |||||||
| November | Unknown | |||||||
| December | [49] | Super Mario World (Super NES)[88][89][90] | ||||||
Events
[edit]Notable releases
[edit]- January - The first two THQ releases came out in stores.
- February 14 – DMA Design releases Lemmings, a puzzle game that requires the player to lead a group of anthropomorphic lemmings through a dangerous environment to an escape portal.
- March – AOL, SSI, TSR and Stormfront Studios collaborate and launch Neverwinter Nights, credited as the first graphical MMORPG.
- March 7 – Capcom releases Street Fighter II for arcades.[91][92] It becomes highly successful and is routinely listed as the grandfather of the fighting game genre. It is also credited with revitalizing the arcade game industry at the time,[93] and popularizing direct tournament-level competition between players.[94]
- May 6 – Sierra On-Line releases The Sierra Network, which is also credited as the first graphical MMORPG (due to its inclusion of The Shadow of Yserbius), TSN would later become its more memorable name, ImagiNation Network, after a total buyout from AT&T in 1994.
- June 23 – Sega releases Sonic the Hedgehog for the Sega Genesis which later becomes the pack-in game and defining title for the console. It introduces the eponymous character, who would go on to be Sega's mascot. Sega also releases a version of the game for the Master System and Game Gear.
- July 19 – Square releases Final Fantasy IV in Japan, the first Final Fantasy game for the Super Famicom (released in November as Final Fantasy II in North America).
- August 13 – Intelligent Systems releases SimCity for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.
- August 23 – Nintendo releases Super Mario World and F-Zero along with the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in North America. Super Mario World was the original pack-in game for the SNES. The game introduces the Yoshi character to the Mario series.
- September – Namco releases Starblade for arcades, featuring one of the earliest instances of real-time 3D graphics in video games.
- September – Electronic Arts releases motorcycle racing combat game Road Rash for Sega Genesis, starting the series.
- October 14 - Nintendo releases Mario The Juggler, the final Game & Watch title.
- November – Nintendo releases Metroid II: Return of Samus for the Game Boy in North America.
- November – Delphine Software releases cinematic action-adventure game Another World for the Amiga, which uses polygons instead of sprites.
- November 21 – Nintendo releases The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past for the Super Famicom in Japan.
- November 25 – SNK releases Fatal Fury: King of Fighters for the Neo Geo.
- December 1 – LucasArts releases Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge for Amiga, MS-DOS, Macintosh, and FM Towns.
- December 4 – Konami releases Super Castlevania IV for SNES in North America.
- December 6 – Mega Man 4 is released in Japan.
- December 13 – Tecmo releases Tecmo Super Bowl for NES, the follow-up to 1989's Tecmo Bowl.
- December 16 – MicroProse releases Civilization. As of 2005, it is still Sid Meier's most successful game.
- Team17 release Alien Breed, the first of the series, for the Amiga.
Hardware
[edit]
- July – Atari updates their Lynx handheld system with a smaller form-factor, better screen, and longer battery life.
- August 23 – Super Nintendo Entertainment System released in North America.
- December 1 – Sega releases the Mega-CD in Japan.
- September – S3 launches with the 86C911, often regarded as the first significant graphics accelerator chip for the Microsoft Windows platform.
Business
[edit]- New companies: Vicarious Visions, Inc, id Software, Bungie, Silicon & Synapse (now known as Blizzard Entertainment), The 3DO Company (founded as SMSG, Inc.), Cyberdreams
- In August, Game Informer (a monthly video game magazine) is released for the first time.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Carter, Chip; Carter, Jonathan (November 15, 1991). "A Few of Chip and Jonathan Carter's Favorite Things". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- ^ Electronic Gaming Monthly's 1992 Video Game Buyer's Guide, pages 60-61
- ^ a b "News". Zero. No. 33 (July 1992). June 11, 1992. pp. 8–9.
- ^ "Luvvies! Dahlings!". The One (44). EMAP: 17. May 1992. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
- ^ "The Best Video Game the Year You Were Born". Popular Mechanics. November 30, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
1991: Sonic the Hedgehog
- ^ Desmarais, Guy (August 9, 2019). "The Best Game Of Every Year, From 1990 To 1999". TheGamer. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
- ^ Staff, Nintendojo (May 1, 2012). "The Top 20 Games of 1991-1995 - Page 4 of 5". Nintendojo. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
#2 - The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past (1991) / #1 - Super Mario Kart (1992)
- ^ Tailford, Scott (October 12, 2021). "Ranking What Was REALLY The Best Video Game Every Year 1990-2021". WhatCulture.com. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
1991 - The Legend Of Zelda: A Link To The Past
- ^ Kim, Matt (August 5, 2023). "Game Scoop's Game of the Year '90s Edition". IGN. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
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- ^ "第５回ゲーメスト大賞" [5th Gamest Awards]. Gamest (in Japanese). Vol. 68 (February 1992). December 28, 1991. pp. 3–17. alternate url
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- ^ a b c "The making of Street Fighter 2 - a video game legend" (PDF). Mega. No. 10 (July 1993). June 17, 1993. pp. 14-35 (18-21).
- ^ a b "第５回ゲーメスト大賞 〜 インカム部門ベスト10" [5th Gamest Awards – Income Category: Best 10]. Gamest (in Japanese). Vol. 68 (February 1992). December 28, 1991. pp. 3-17 (15). alternate url
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- ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 8. May 1991. p. 170.
- ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 9. June 1991. p. 140.
- ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 10. July 1991. p. 134.
- ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 11. August 1991. p. 96.
- ^ a b "The Bondeal Chart". RePlay. Vol. 16, no. 12. September 1991. p. 226.
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- ^ "Test Reports". Leisure Line. Australia: Leisure & Allied Industries. November 1991. p. 20.
- ^ a b c d e 小川 (Ogawa), 純生 (Sumio) (December 14, 2010). "テレビゲーム機の変遷 —ファミコン、スーパーファミコン、プレステ、プレステ2、Wiiまで—" [Recent Developments in Video Game Technology in Japan — Famicom, Super Famicom, Play Station, Play Station 2 and Wii —] (PDF). 経営論集 (Keiei Ronshū) (in Japanese) (77) (published March 2011): 1-17 (2). ISSN 0286-6439. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2021 – via Toyo University Academic Information Repository (Toyo University).
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- ^ Pettus, Sam; Munoz, David; Williams, Kevin; Barroso, Ivan (December 20, 2013). Service Games: The Rise and Fall of SEGA: Enhanced Edition. Smashwords Edition. p. 422. ISBN 978-1-311-08082-0.
- ^ Mulzac, Lystra (January 10, 1992). "Games people play". Ocala Star-Banner. p. 10.
- ^ "Everyone's gone Nintendo crazy!". Total!. United Kingdom: Future plc. January 1992. p. 4.
- ^ a b c 게임월드 [Game World] (in Korean). 1994.
- ^ "World news" (PDF). MegaTech. United Kingdom: EMAP (published March 20, 1992). April 1992. p. 17.
- ^ a b c "Final Sales Figures Through". Sega Pro (published March 19, 1992). April 1992.
- ^ "NewsLine: Reports and Analysis". MacUser. February 1993. p. 47.
- ^ a b Reimer, Jeremy (December 15, 2005). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
- Jeremy Reimer (December 7, 2012). "Total Share: Personal Computer Market Share 1975-2010". Jeremy Reimer.
- ^ "SEGA - Hardware Estimates". Proceedings. The Conference. 1994. p. 125.
Master
1991 0.0
1990 0.3 - ^ Dedrick, Jason; Kraemer, Kenneth L. (August 20, 1998). Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World?. Oxford University Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-19-028398-8.
- ^ Ozsomer, Aysegul (1993). "The Japanese Personal Computer Market". A Dynamic Analysis of Entry Rates in the Global Personal Computer Industry. Michigan State University (Department of Marketing and Logistics). p. 36.
Traditionally, dominated by Japanese vendors, the market had reached 2.5 million units in 1989, and 3.3 million units in 1991 (Dataquest Inc.)
- ^ Morrison, Mike; Morrison, Sandie (1994). The Magic of Interactive Entertainment. Sams Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-672-30590-0.
The Sega Game Gear, a portable video game system, was also released in 1991. Game Gear featured a color display with an 8-bit microprocessor, it was an instant success, selling over 600,000 units in its first year.
- ^ a b c Kalinske, Tom (November 24, 1992). Sonic the Hedgehog 2 Launch (Sonic 2sday). Sega of America. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
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- ^ アンリミテッド:サガ. Dorimaga (in Japanese). No. 19. SoftBank Creative. October 25, 2002. pp. 46–47.
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