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List of speakers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

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For the 'prolocutors' and speakers of the House of Commons of England, see List of speakers of the House of Commons of England.

The Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The office was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which combined the Irish House of Commons and House of Commons of Great Britain, forming the modern Commons.[1]

A speaker is elected at the beginning of every parliamentary term and has no term limits. Upon being elected, it is by convention that they disaffiliate themselves with any political parties.[2] As the speaker remains a member of parliament (MP) for their constituency, there is a gentlemen's agreement between major political parties to not run candidates in the speaker's constituency.[3]

The incumbent speaker is Lindsay Hoyle, MP for Chorley, who assumed office on 4 November 2019.[4]

List of speakers

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House of Commons of Great Britain, 1707–1800

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The Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the Acts of Union 1707. At the beginning of 1801, Great Britain was combined with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a single House of Commons serving the whole kingdom.

John Smith, Speaker of the House of Commons of England since October 1705, was elected the first Speaker of the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Portrait Name
Constituency
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office
E: Election
R: Royal approbation
†: Death 		Election(s)[5]
(in brackets if unopposed)
Parliament(s) 		Retirement peerage
John Smith
MP for Andover
(1656–1723) 		E 23 October
R 30 October
1707 		1708[a] (1707)[6] 1 —
Sir Richard Onslow
Bt
MP for Surrey
(1654–1717) 		E 16 November
R 18 November
1708 		1710[b] (1708)[7] 2 Baron Onslow
William Bromley
MP for Oxford University
(1663–1732) 		E 25 November
R 27 November
1710 		1713[c] (1710)[8] 3 —
Sir Thomas Hanmer
Bt
MP for Suffolk
(1677–1746) 		E 16 February
R 18 February
1714 		1715[d] (1714)[9] 4 —
Sir Spencer Compton
KB
MP for Sussex
(c. 1673–1743) 		E 17 March
R 21 March
1715 		1727[e] (1715)[10]
(1722)[11] 		5
6 		Baron Wilmington
Arthur Onslow
MP for Surrey
(1691–1768) 		E 23 January
R 27 January
1728 		18 March
1761[f] 		(1728)[13]
(1735)[14]
(1741)[15]
(1747)[16]
(1754)[17] 		7
8
9
10
11 		[g]
Sir John Cust
Bt
MP for Grantham
(1718–1770) 		E 3 November
R 6 November
1761 		19 January
1770[h] 		(1761)[20]
(1768)[21] 		12
13 		[i]
Sir Fletcher Norton
MP for Guildford
(1716–1789) 		E 22 January
R 23 January
1770 		31 October
1780[j] 		1770[22]
(1774)[23] 		13
14 		Baron Grantley
Charles Wolfran Cornwall
MP for Winchelsea until 1784
MP for Rye from 1784
(1735–1789) 		E 31 October
R 1 November
1780 		2 January
1789† 		1780[24]
(1784)[25] 		15
16 		[k]
William Wyndham Grenville
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1759–1834) 		E 5 January
1789
no royal approbation[l] 		5 June
1789[m] 		Jan. 1789[28] 16 Baron Grenville
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844) 		E 8 June
R 9 June
1789 		continued as
UK Speaker 		Jun. 1789[29]
(1790)[30]
(1796)[31] 		16
17
18 		Viscount Sidmouth

House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801

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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1801. In 1922 the Irish Free State ceased to be part of the UK. The official name of the United Kingdom was changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in 1927.

Portrait Name
Constituency
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office
E: Election
R: Royal approbation
†: Death 		Election(s)
(in brackets if unopposed)
Parliament(s) 		Party[n] Retirement peerage
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844) 		E 22 January
R 23 January
1801 		10 February
1801[o] 		(Jan. 1801)[35] 1 Tory Viscount Sidmouth
Sir John Mitford
KC FRS
MP for East Looe
(1748–1830) 		E 11 February
R 12 February
1801 		9 February
1802[p] 		(Feb. 1801)[37] 1 Tory Baron Redesdale
Charles Abbot
FRS
MP for Helston until 1802
MP for Woodstock 1802–1806
MP for Oxford University after 1806
(1757–1829) 		E 10 February
R 11 February
1802 		2 June
1817 		(Feb. 1802)[38]
(Nov. 1802)[39]
(1806)[40]
(1807)[41]
(1812)[42] 		1
2
3
4
5 		Tory Baron Colchester
Sir Charles Manners-Sutton
GCB
MP for Scarborough until 1832
MP for Cambridge University after 1832
(1780–1845) 		E 2 June[43]
R 3 June[44]
1817 		19 February
1835[q] 		1817[43]
(1819)[46]
(1820)[47]
(1826)[48]
(1830)[49]
(1831)[50]
1833[51] 		5
6
7
8
9
10
11 		Tory Viscount Canterbury
James Abercromby
MP for Edinburgh
(1776–1858) 		E 19 February[45]
R 20 February[52]
1835 		27 May
1839 		1835[45]
(1837)[53] 		12
13 		Whig Baron Dunfermline
Charles Shaw-Lefevre
MP for North Hampshire
(1794–1888) 		E 27 May[54]
R 28 May[55]
1839 		30 April
1857 		1839[54]
(1841)[56]
(1847)[57]
(1852)[58] 		13
14
15
16 		Whig Viscount Eversley
John Evelyn Denison
MP for North Nottinghamshire
(1800–1873) 		E 30 April[59]
R 1 May[60]
1857 		9 February
1872 		(1857)[59]
(1859)[61]
(1866)[62]
(1868)[63] 		17
18
19
20 		Liberal Viscount Ossington
Sir Henry Brand
GCB
MP for Cambridgeshire
(1814–1892) 		E 9 February[64]
R 12 February[65]
1872 		26 February
1884 		(1872)[64]
(1874)[66]
(1880)[67] 		20
21
22 		Liberal Viscount Hampden
Arthur Peel
MP for Warwick until 1885
MP for Warwick and Leamington after 1885
(1829–1912) 		E 26 February[68]
R 27 February[69]
1884 		10 April
1895 		(1884)[68]
(Jan. 1886)[70]
(Aug. 1886)[71]
(1892)[72] 		22
23
24
25 		Liberal Viscount Peel
William Court Gully
KC
MP for Carlisle
(1835–1909) 		E 10 April[73]
R 22 April[74]
1895 		8 June
1905 		Apr. 1895[73]
(Aug. 1895)[75]
(1900)[76] 		25
26
27 		Liberal Viscount Selby
James Lowther
MP for Penrith until 1918
MP for Penrith and Cockermouth after 1918
(1855–1949) 		E 8 June[77]
R 20 June[78]
1905 		28 April
1921 		(1905)[77]
(1906)[79]
(1910)[80]
(1911)[81]
(1919)[82] 		27
28
29
30
31 		Conservative Viscount Ullswater
John Henry Whitley
MP for Halifax
(1866–1935) 		E & R[83]
28 April
1921 		20 June
1928 		(1921)
(1922)[84]
(Jan. 1924)[85]
(Dec. 1924) 		31
32
33
34 		Liberal
(Coalition) 		[r]
Edward FitzRoy
DL
MP for Daventry
(1869–1943) 		E 20 June[86]
R 21 June[87]
1928 		3 March
1943† 		(1928)[86]
(1929)
(1931)[88]
(1935)[89] 		34
35
36
37 		Conservative [s]
Douglas Clifton Brown
MP for Hexham
(1879–1958) 		E[90] & R[91]
9 March
1943 		31 October
1951 		(1943)[90]
(1945)[92]
(1950)[93] 		37
38
39 		Conservative Viscount Ruffside
William Morrison
MC QC
MP for Cirencester and Tewkesbury
(1893–1961) 		E 31 October[94]
R 1 November[95]
1951 		19 September
1959 		1951[94]
(1955)[96] 		40
41 		Conservative Viscount Dunrossil
Sir Harry Hylton-Foster
MP for Cities of London and Westminster
(1905–1965) 		E 20 October[97]
R 21 October[98]
1959 		2 September
1965† 		(1959)[97]
(1964)[99] 		42
43 		Conservative [t]
Horace King
MP for Southampton Itchen
(1901–1986) 		E[100] & R[101]
26 October
1965 		12 January
1971 		(1965)[100]
(1966)[102]
(1970)[103] 		43
44
45 		Labour Baron Maybray-King for Life
Selwyn Lloyd
CH CBE QC DL
MP for Wirral
(1904–1978) 		E[104] & R[105]
12 January
1971 		3 February
1976 		1971[104]
(Mar. 1974)[106]
(Oct. 1974)[107] 		45
46
47 		Conservative Baron Selwyn-Lloyd for Life
George Thomas
MP for Cardiff West
(1909–1997) 		E[108] & R[109]
3 February
1976 		10 June
1983 		(1976)[108]
(1979)[110] 		47
48 		Labour Viscount Tonypandy
Bernard Weatherill
MP for Croydon North East
(1920–2007) 		E 15 June[111]
R 16 June[112]
1983 		9 April
1992 		(1983)[111]
(1987)[113] 		49
50 		Conservative Baron Weatherill for Life
Betty Boothroyd
MP for West Bromwich West
(1929–2023) 		E 27 April[114]
R 28 April[115]
1992 		23 October
2000 		1992[114]
(1997)[116] 		51
52 		Labour Baroness Boothroyd for Life
Michael Martin
MP for Glasgow Springburn until 2005
MP for Glasgow North East after 2005
(1945–2018) 		E[117] & R[118]
23 October
2000 		22 June
2009[u] 		2000[117]
(2001)[119]
(2005)[120] 		52
53
54 		Labour Baron Martin of Springburn for Life
John Bercow
MP for Buckingham
(born 1963) 		E & R
22 June
2009 		4 November
2019 		2009[121]
(2010)[122]
(2015)[123]
(2017)[124] 		54
55
56
57 		Conservative —
Sir Lindsay Hoyle[125]
MP for Chorley
(born 1957) 		E & R
4 November
2019 		Incumbent Nov. 2019[126]
(Dec. 2019)[127]
(2024)[128] 		57
58
59 		Labour —

Notes

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  1. ^ Smith resigned from the chair to become Chancellor of the Exchequer. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until his death in 1723.
  2. ^ Onslow was the last Speaker to be defeated in his constituency in a general election.
  3. ^ Bromley resigned from the chair to become Secretary of State for the Northern Department. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until his death in 1732.
  4. ^ Hanmer vacated the chair but continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1727.
  5. ^ Compton vacated the chair but continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1728.
  6. ^ Onslow retired on 18 March 1761, receiving the unanimous thanks of the House of Commons.[12]
  7. ^ Onslow, the longest-serving Speaker, retired from the chair and the House of Commons. He seems to have been the last Speaker who survived his term by a significant period without being offered a peerage. His only son was created Baron Cranley in 20 May 1776, inherited the Baron Onslow on 8 October 1776 through Special Remainder.
  8. ^ On 17 January 1770, Cust sent word to the House of Commons that he was too ill to attend.[18] He resigned on 19 January, and died on 24 January.[19]
  9. ^ Cust died five days after his resignation, his son was created The Baron Brownlow in 1776.
  10. ^ Norton was not re-elected as Speaker in 1780, but retained his seat as an MP until 1782.
  11. ^ Cornwall died in office.
  12. ^ Due to the illness of King George III, "the usual formalities of receiving the royal permission to elect a speaker, and the royal approbation of him when elected, could not be observed, and Grenville taking his seat immediately performed all the duties of his office."[26]
  13. ^ Grenville resigned from the chair on 5 June 1789[27] to become Home Secretary. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1790.
  14. ^ Party allegiance at the time of first election as Speaker. The modern convention is for the Speaker to sever connections with his or her former party.[32] From 1935, the Speaker has sought re-election as such, not using a party label.[33] The general convention is that the Speaker is not opposed by major party candidates at general elections.
  15. ^ Addington resigned from the chair on 10 February 1801[34] to become Prime Minister. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1805.
  16. ^ Mitford resigned from the chair on 9 February 1802[36] to become the Lord High Chancellor of Ireland.
  17. ^ In 1835 he was defeated for re-election as Speaker,[45] but retained his seat as an MP for a few weeks until he was created a peer. No subsequent Speaker has been defeated or remained in the House of Commons, for more than a few days after leaving the chair.
  18. ^ Whitley declined the customary peerage upon his retirement from the chair and the House of Commons.
  19. ^ Fitzroy died in office. His widow was created The Viscountess Daventry.
  20. ^ Hylton-Foster died in office. His widow was created The Baroness Hylton-Foster for Life.
  21. ^ Martin resigned the speakership in 2009. He was the first Speaker to be forced to leave the chair by public pressure since Sir John Trevor was expelled from the House and the chair in 1695.

References

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  1. ^ Pickering, Danby, ed. (1794). "CAP. XIII An act to prevent acts of parliament from taking effect from a time prior to the passing thereof". The Statutes at Large : Anno tricesimo tertio George III Regis. Vol. XXXIX. Cambridge. pp. 32, 33. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2021. (33 Geo. 3. c. 13: "Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793")
  2. ^ "THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS" (PDF). UK Parliament. November 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  3. ^ "Rules and traditions of Parliament". UK Parliament. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  4. ^ "Sir Lindsay Hoyle elected Speaker of House of Commons". 4 November 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  5. ^ Smith, Henry Stooks (1845). "Elections for Speaker". The Parliaments of England. Vol. 2. p. 205. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  6. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 589–594
  7. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 744–752
  8. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 918–927
  9. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 1242–1256
  10. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 7, pp. 27, 38–42
  11. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 8, pp. 1, 21–25
  12. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, p. 1013–1015
  13. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 8, pp. 607–608, 629–634
  14. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 9, pp. 615–616, 634–639
  15. ^ Cobbett, (1812) vol. 12, pp. 188–192, 214–221
  16. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 14, pp. 67, 87–94
  17. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 15, pp. 293–294, 322–328
  18. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, p. 733
  19. ^ Barker, G. F. R. (1888). "Cust, John" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  20. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 15, pp. 1072–1073, 1100–1106
  21. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, pp. 424–425, 454–460
  22. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, pp. 734–741
  23. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 18, pp. 1–5, 31–33
  24. ^ Cobbett, (1814) vol. 21, pp.768–769, 793–807
  25. ^ Cobbett, (1815) vol. 24, pp. 775, 800–804
  26. ^ Barker, G. F. R. (1890). "Grenville, William Wyndham" . In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  27. ^ Cobbett, (1816) vol. 28, p. 147
  28. ^ Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 44. 1788. p. 45. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  29. ^ Cobbett, (1816) vol. 28, pp. 148–157
  30. ^ Cobbett, (1816) vol. 28, pp. 876–880
  31. ^ Cobbett, (1818) vol. 32, pp. 1158–1161
  32. ^ "Speakers must be politically impartial. Therefore, on election the new Speaker must resign from their political party and remain separate from political issues even in retirement. However, the Speaker will deal with their constituents' problems like a normal MP." cf [1]
  33. ^ Craig, F.W.S. (1989). British Electoral Facts 1832–1987. Politico's Publishing. ISBN 978-0-900178-30-6.
  34. ^ Cobbett, (1819) vol. 35, pp. 946–947
  35. ^ Cobbett, (1819) vol. 35, pp. 859–864
  36. ^ Cobbett, (1820) vol. 36, pp. 314–315
  37. ^ Cobbett, (1819) vol. 35, pp. 948–955
  38. ^ Cobbett, (1820) vol. 36, pp. 315–321
  39. ^ Cobbett, (1820) vol. 36, pp. 914–919
  40. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 8. House of Commons. 15 December 1806. col. 3–12.
  41. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 9. House of Commons. 22 June 1807. col. 567–74.
  42. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 24. House of Commons. 24 November 1812. col. 2–8.
  43. ^ a b "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 36. House of Commons. 2 June 1817. col. 843–55.
  44. ^ "The New Speaker Approved by the Prince Regent". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 36. House of Lords. 3 June 1817. col. 856–7.
  45. ^ a b c "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 26. House of Commons. 19 February 1835. col. 3–59.
  46. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 39. House of Commons. 14 January 1819. col. 3–15.
  47. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 1. House of Commons. 21 April 1820. col. 2–9.
  48. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 16. House of Commons. 14 November 1826. col. 2–7.
  49. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 1. House of Commons. 26 October 1830. col. 2–5.
  50. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 4. House of Commons. 14 June 1831. col. 73–79.
  51. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 15. House of Commons. 29 January 1833. col. 35–83.
  52. ^ "His Majesty's Approval of the Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 26. House of Lords. 20 February 1835. col. 61–63.
  53. ^ "Opening of Parliament – Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 39. House of Commons. 15 November 1837. col. 3–12.
  54. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 47. House of Commons. 27 May 1839. col. 1034–56.
  55. ^ "Royal Approbation of the Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 47. House of Lords. 28 May 1839. col. 1056–7.
  56. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 59. House of Commons. 19 August 1841. col. 3–11.
  57. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 95. House of Commons. 18 November 1847. col. 3–8.
  58. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 123. House of Commons. 4 November 1852. col. 3–13.
  59. ^ a b "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 145. House of Commons. 30 April 1857. col. 4–11.
  60. ^ "Presented and Approved". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 145. House of Lords. 1 May 1857. col. 12–13.
  61. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 154. House of Commons. 31 May 1859. col. 4–10.
  62. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 181. House of Commons. 1 February 1866. col. 4–17.
  63. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 194. House of Commons. 10 December 1868. col. 4–11.
  64. ^ a b "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 209. House of Commons. 9 February 1872. col. 181–91.
  65. ^ "Presented and Approved". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 209. House of Lords. 12 February 1872. col. 191–2.
  66. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 218. House of Commons. 5 March 1874. col. 5–14.
  67. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 252. House of Commons. 29 April 1880. col. 5–14.
  68. ^ a b "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 285. House of Commons. 26 February 1884. col. 17–30.
  69. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 285. House of Lords. 27 February 1884. col. 30–31.
  70. ^ "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 302. House of Commons. 12 January 1886. col. 5–18.
  71. ^ "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 308. House of Commons. 5 August 1886. col. 4–12.
  72. ^ "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 7. House of Commons. 4 August 1892. col. 5–16.
  73. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 32. House of Commons. 10 April 1895. col. 1369–96.
  74. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 32. House of Lords. 22 April 1895. col. 1397–8.
  75. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 36. House of Commons. 12 August 1895. col. 4–10.
  76. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 88. House of Commons. 3 December 1900. col. 4–12.
  77. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 147. House of Commons. 8 June 1905. col. 1064–76.
  78. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 147. House of Lords. 20 June 1905. col. 1077–8.
  79. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 152. House of Commons. 13 February 1906. col. 4–12.
  80. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 14. House of Commons. 15 February 1910. col. 1–12.
  81. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 21. House of Commons. 31 January 1911. col. 1–18.
  82. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 112. House of Commons. 4 February 1919. col. 1–16.
  83. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 45. House of Lords. 28 April 1921. col. 76–77.
  84. ^ "Summary of Day". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 159. House of Commons. 20 November 1922. col. 1–12.
  85. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 169. House of Commons. 8 January 1924. col. 1–16.
  86. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 218. House of Commons. 20 June 1928. col. 1719–28.
  87. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 71. House of Lords. 21 June 1928. col. 613–4.
  88. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 259. House of Commons. 3 November 1931. col. 1–12.
  89. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 307. House of Commons. 26 November 1935. col. 1–12.
  90. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 387. House of Commons. 9 March 1943. col. 613–30.
  91. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 126. House of Lords. 9 March 1943. col. 498–9.
  92. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 413. House of Commons. 1 August 1945. col. 1–14.
  93. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 472. House of Commons. 1 March 1950. col. 2–10.
  94. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 493. House of Commons. 31 October 1951. col. 2–24.
  95. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 174. House of Lords. 1 November 1951. col. 3–4.
  96. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 542. House of Commons. 7 June 1955. col. 1–12.
  97. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 612. House of Commons. 20 October 1959. col. 2–18.
  98. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 219. House of Lords. 21 October 1959. col. 7–8.
  99. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 701. House of Commons. 27 October 1964. col. 2–10.
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  101. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 269. House of Lords. 26 October 1965. col. 549–50.
  102. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 727. House of Commons. 18 April 1966. col. 2–16.
  103. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 803. House of Commons. 29 June 1970. col. 2–14.
  104. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 809. House of Commons. 12 January 1971. col. 1–34.
  105. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 314. House of Lords. 12 January 1971. col. 51–52.
  106. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 870. House of Commons. 6 March 1974. col. 2–16.
  107. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 880. House of Commons. 22 October 1974. col. 2–15.
  108. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 904. House of Commons. 3 February 1976. col. 1151–70.
  109. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 367. House of Lords. 3 February 1976. col. 1256–7.
  110. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 967. House of Commons. 9 May 1979. col. 2–18.
  111. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 44. House of Commons. 15 June 1983. col. 2–16.
  112. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 443. House of Lords. 16 June 1983. col. 3–4.
  113. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 118. House of Commons. 17 June 1987. col. 2–14.
  114. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 207. House of Commons. 27 April 1992. col. 2–26.
  115. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 537. House of Lords. 28 April 1992. col. 3–4.
  116. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 294. House of Commons. 7 May 1997. col. 2–12.
  117. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 355. House of Commons. 23 October 2000. col. 1–106.
  118. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 618. House of Lords. 23 October 2000. col. 119–20.
  119. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 370. House of Commons. 13 June 2001. col. 2–10.
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Bibliography

[edit]
  • Laundy, Philip (1964). The Office of Speaker. Cassell & Company.
  • Marsden, Philip (1979). The Officers of the Commons 1363–1978. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Butler, David; Butler, Gareth (2000). Twentieth Century Political Facts 1900–2000 (Hardcover ed.). Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-77221-0.
  • Cobbett, Richard. The Parliamentary History of England.
  • Cook, Chris; Keith, Brendan (1975). British Historical Facts 1830–1900. Macmillan Press.
  • Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (1980). British Historical Facts 1760–1830. Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-21512-5.
  • Venning, Timothy (2005). Compendium of British Office Holders. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-2045-4.
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