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Gustaf Otto Stenbock

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Gustaf Otto Stenbock; engraving by Nicolas Pitau

Gustaf Otto Gustafsson Stenbock (17 September 1614, Torpa stenhus – 24 September 1685, Stockholm) was a Swedish military officer and politician.

Biography

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He was a member of the noble Stenbock family; born to the Riksråd (Privy Councilor) Gustav Stenbock [sv] and his wife, Countess Beata Margareta née Brahe (1583–1645). He was therefore related to the royal family on his father's side.[1]

In 1631, he joined the Småland Cavalry Regiment. From 1633, he fought in Germany, during the Thirty Years' War, and took part in the Battle of Nördlingen, among others. He won promotions to Commander of the Kronoberg Regiment (1637), and Colonel of the Jönköping Regiment (1639). He was seriously wounded at the Second Battle of Breitenfeld in 1642, and returned home. He continued to pursue a miltitary career, however, participating in several campaigns and being promoted to Major General (1643), Lieutenant General (1647) and General of the Infantry (1648). Following the brief war between Sweden and Bremen (1654), he was promoted to Field Marshal. During the Second Northern War, he received a final promotion to General Field Marshal.

Following the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), he received his first civilian appointment, as Governor General of the newly annexed provinces of Schonen, Halland und Blekinge; acquired from Denmark. In 1664, this led to another military appointment, as Lord High Admiral of Sweden, although he had never served in the Navy and had no seafaring experience. It was generally believed to be compensation for being passed over for Marshal of the Realm.[citation needed] During the Scanian War, the Swedish navy suffered devastating losses. In 1676, Stenbock and two other inexperienced Admirals were held accountable. He was deposed and the office abolished.[2] He was also fined 200,000 Thalers.

A year later, he was rehabilitated by King Charles XI, and his fine was reduced to 100,000 Thalers. He was also allowed to command a campaign against Norway, during which he was able to lift the Siege of Bohus [sv]. In 1680, after the end of the Scanian War, he was given permission to call himself "Supreme Admiral", although he had no authority. His last few years were marred by illness and poverty.

Family

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Portrait of Stenbock by
David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl

He was married twice. His first wife was Baroness Brita Horn of Åminne (died 1658). They were wed on 22 July 1645.

Children

On 1 June 1658, he married the Gothenburg countess Christina Catharina De la Gardie [sv] (1632–1704); daughter of Field Marshal and Count Jakob De la Gardie (1583–1652) and Countess Ebba Brahe (1596–1674). He also bought one of the largest estates in the Baltic area: Kolga manor [sv] in Kuusalu Parish, Estonia; from the De la Gardie family. It had an area of 500 km2.

Children

References

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  1. ^ Gustaf Stenbock @ Adelsvapen (Gustaf Elgenstierna: Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor. Stockholm 1925–1936).
  2. ^ Bra böckers lexikon, 1979.
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